For better viewing, you can use the -la option $ ls -la List All Files in LinuxĪs you have noticed the -a option not only lists hidden files but all the files and directories. To list hidden files, pass the -a option as shown, which displays both hidden files and directories. carrying out any operations that need to be performed once you exit the bash shell. It’s mainly used for cleanup purposes i.e. bash_logout file is executed when you log out of your bash sessions. bashrc file is a script that contains user settings and configurations of the currently logged-in user, which include command aliases, shell history, the coloring of the terminal font, etc. Hidden files are special files that store user settings and configuration files, which are used by running programs and services for reading and storing information.įor example. 6th column to 8th column – Last modification date.4th column – Name of the group that the file belongs to.1st column – File/directory permissions.The -l command option lets you print out detailed information about the directory contents in a columnar format that includes size, modified date and time, file or directory name and owner of the file, and its permission. Here we won’t be able to view details like file types, size, modified date and time, permission and links, etc. Running ls command without passing any command-line options or arguments, the ls command simply lists the directory contents in alphabetical order. Sort files alphabetically by file extension.ĭisplay files according to file creation date and time. Lists directory contents separated by a comma.ĭisplays directory contents enclosed by quotation marks.ĭisplay file size in a human-readable format.ĭisplay inode number of files and directories.ĭisplay all files including hidden files.įilters files according to the file extension.ĭisplays all files and directories in long list format.ĭisplay files and directories recursively. In this tutorial, we will cover the following ls command arguments. The options section represents the command-line arguments that can be passed to manipulate the output of the command. So if your are considering portability of the scripts running across POSIX and bash shells, this option wouldn't be right.The ls command takes the following syntax: $ ls /path/to/directory Note that these extended glob support is not available in the POSIX bourne shell and its purely specific to recent versions of bash. Printf '%s\n' construct !() is a negate operation to not include any of the file extensions listed inside and | is an alternation operator just as used in the Extended Regular Expressions library to do an OR match of the globs. Assume you want to exclude file names with the extensions above, you could do excludeResults=() With the same syntax, one could use the results of the glob to exclude files of certain type. This could very well be expanded to have negate results also. of extensions *.gif, *.png and *.jpg, all you need to is ls -1 - **/+(*.jpg|*.gif|*.png) For example consider a case of needing to get all recursive image files i.e. similar to adding multiple flags in find command). file ending with multiple extension (i.e. This could very well be expanded to match multiple files i.e. Now for printing the actual files, just do printf '%s\n' an array and doing a proper quoted expansion is the right way when used in shell scripts, but for interactive use, you could simply use ls with the glob expression as ls -1 - **/*.csv The option ** is to recurse through the sub-folders and *.csv is glob expansion to include any file of the extensions mentioned. We use an array to populate the glob results because when quoted properly and expanded, the filenames with special characters would remain intact and not get broken due to word-splitting by the shell.įor example to list all the *.csv files in the recursive paths fileList=(**/*.csv) Now all you need to do is form the glob expression to include the files of a certain extension which you can do as below. And globstar that allows to recurse through all the directories shopt -s extglob nullglob globstar nullglob in which an unmatched glob is swept away entirely, replaced with a set of zero words. Additionally you could use couple of options more i.e. The options are enabled with the -s support and disabled with he -u flag. The extended option is extglob which needs to be set using the shopt option as below. The bash shell provides an extended glob support option using which you can get the file names under recursive paths that match with the extensions you want. Though using find command can be useful here, the shell itself provides options to achieve this requirement without any third party tools.
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